Inclusive Development Research Articles

Renewable energy adoption and CO2 emissions in G7 economies: In-depth analysis of economic prosperity and trade relations

This study investigates the relationships between economic, environmental, and trade factors within the G7 economies from 1990 to 2022, focusing on their impacts on carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions. Analyzing data from G7 economies such as Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, the United Kingdom, and the United States. The study employs multiple regression (MLR) models to examine the influence of economic and environmental factors on CO2 emissions. Additionally, factor loading analysis and structural equation modeling (SEM) is utilized to validate construct reliability and visualize complex relationships. The findings highlight positive correlations between GDP growth and employment, alongside negative correlations with income inequality. In addition, environmental challenges are evident through negative correlations with industrial and energy-related CO2 emissions. The practical implications highlight the importance for policymakers to prioritize strategies promoting economic growth, addressing income inequality, and fostering sustainable trade relationships within the G7 economies to ensure inclusive and sustainable development. This study contributes to the literature by offering comprehensive insights into the intricate dynamics between economic, environmental, and trade factors and their impacts on CO2 emissions.

Investigating the Economic Dynamics of Mobile Money in Post-Conflict Economies: Empirical Evidence from Somalia

This study investigates the economic dynamics of mobile money in Somalia, focusing on its transformative potential to impact economic activities in the short and long term. Adopting a quantitative research design, the study utilizes secondary data from 2010 to 2022. The autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) approach is employed to assess the impact of mobile money on household consumption, real income, exports, and imports. Theoretical insights from the quantity theory of money further guide the examination of how mobile money influences economic activities. The findings demonstrate that mobile money has a significant positive effect on household consumption, real income, export growth, and import activity both in the short and long term. The study reveals that mobile money not only facilitates financial transactions but also enhances trade efficiency and promotes financial inclusion, thereby stimulating economic activities and growth. The study underscores the need for a supportive regulatory environment for mobile money services. It highlights that financial institutions and mobile money service providers should expand innovative services to include the unbanked population. By doing so, they can leverage mobile money to foster greater economic engagement and empowerment. Policymakers are encouraged to develop strategies that promote financial inclusion and economic development to harness the full potential of mobile money. This study enriches the existing literature by uniquely investigating the economic impacts of mobile money in Somalia, a post-conflict setting, thereby broadening the understanding of how financial technologies can catalyze economic activities and growth in similar contexts.

Assessing the Impact of Education on Life Expectancy in Rwanda

Purpose: Education's impact on life expectancy is a crucial area of study, particularly in nations undergoing rapid demographic and epidemiological transitions like Rwanda. This research examines the intricate relationship between education and life expectancy in Rwanda, considering the nation's advancements in education and healthcare. Despite progress, challenges persist in ensuring equitable access to quality education. Methodology: The study utilizes quantitative research methods, employing descriptive, correlation, and causal-comparative approaches, alongside econometric analyses like co-integration tests and vector error correction models. Data covering the period from 1965 to 2020 were collected from the World Bank Database. Findings: Findings indicate a significant effect of education on fertility rates, with higher education levels associated with lower fertility. Additionally, forecasts project an increase in life expectancy across educational groups, albeit less pronounced for the less educated. Gender disparities persist, with the rate of decrease in life expectancy differences between males and females slower than in previous decades. Increasing prediction intervals highlight growing uncertainty over time. Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: The research contributes to understanding the complex interplay between education and life expectancy in Rwanda, offering insights for policy interventions to enhance population health outcomes and promote sustainable development. This study underscores the imperative for targeted strategies to mitigate educational barriers and advance inclusive development, addressing existing gaps in empirical evidence within the Rwandan context.

CONTRIBUTIONS OF VYGOTSKY'S HISTORICAL-CULTURAL THEORY TO SPECIAL AND INCLUSIVE EDUCATION

This article examines how Lev Vygotsky's historical-cultural theory can be applied to the education of children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). With an emphasis on concepts such as the Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD), mediated learning, social interaction, adaptation of teaching material and a focus on children's abilities and individuality, the study proposes methodological adaptations that can significantly benefit the inclusion and educational development of these children. students

Integrating financial literacy, regulatory technology, and decentralized finance: A new paradigm in Fintech evolution

This study investigates the implications of the interaction of financial literacy, regulatory technology, and decentralized finance applications for financial sector development. A two-step analytical regression approach on EViews 10 was used, which performs a one-factor analysis for each variable to identify the individual impact of each factor. A linear FMOLS approach was used to evaluate the cooperative effect of integration. The methodology was implemented on a dataset comprising 2,880 observations from 23 financial institutions in Jordan.The findings support the hypothesized dynamic interrelations between the essential Fintech factors relevant to the sustainable development of the financial sector, including significant and insignificant factors with the impact of inflation, which provides an adequate understanding of Fintech’s evolution. Additionally, the outcomes consider post-2017 regulatory changes that reflect the role of supervision and regulation for the financial sector’s flexibility and efficiency. Therefore, the results reveal the essential contribution of integrating decentralized finance applications, financial literacy, and regulatory technology to the development of Jordan’s financial sector. Financial literacy serves as a facilitator, regulatory technology is a compliance enabler, and decentralized finance applications are driving forces of innovation and financial inclusion, ensuring a robust and sustainable financial ecosystem. It is shown that the interaction of factors forces the sector’s development, reflecting the world’s trend in digital inclusion and viable financial development.

Triple Helix for Sustainable Development Goals: An Impact Assessment of Shared Service Facility for Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises Competitiveness in the Philippines

This study investigates the impact and operational challenges of the Shared Service Facility (SSF) for Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) in the Philippines, focusing on enhancing MSME competitiveness and sustainability. Through a mixed-methods approach, including surveys, interviews, and data analysis, the study assesses the SSF’s effectiveness in supporting MSMEs and identifies key challenges hindering its operation. The findings reveal significant improvements in MSMEs’ access to resources, innovation capacity, and market competitiveness following SSF assistance. However, logistical, managerial, and resource-related challenges pose significant hurdles to the SSF’s operational efficiency and effectiveness. To address these challenges, a comprehensive Strategic Plan is formulated, outlining key actions to improve logistical efficiency, enhance managerial effectiveness, strengthen financial sustainability, upgrade technological infrastructure, and foster collaboration and partnerships. Implementation of these strategic initiatives is crucial for optimizing the SSF’s operation, enhancing its impact on MSME competitiveness, and ensuring long-term sustainability. Overall, this study contributes valuable insights into the role of the SSF in fostering MSME development and economic growth in the Philippines, highlighting the importance of targeted interventions and collaborative efforts to support inclusive and sustainable development.

Exploring arts-health ecologies in the very remote Barkly Region of Australia.

This article explores links between arts, health, and wellbeing for diverse First Nations and non-Indigenous peoples living in the very remote Barkly Region of the Northern Territory in Australia. The article stems from a major 3-year study of the Barkly arts sector conducted in partnership with Barkly Regional Arts and Regional Development Australia Northern Territory. Key findings relate to an arts-health ecology evident in the region, the interdependence between artists' own health and their arts activity, the value of arts spaces as places of safety and refuge, and the potential of the arts to promote cultural and intercultural healing and development. We discuss these findings in the context of relevant literature and make suggestions for future arts-health and wellbeing related research, policy and practice in rural and remote contexts. This study employed an ecological mixed-methods research design, including quantitative and qualitative survey and interview data collection as well as collaborative, data-driven thematic analysis. The ecological approach was used to map a variety of creative practices through a broad range of art forms. Commercial, amateur and subsidised art and creative practices were included in this study and represented the multicultural population of the Barkly Region (both First Nations and non-Indigenous peoples). Arts and creativity in the region were recognized as a complex ecology that saw individuals, businesses, organisations and government working in different ways to sustain culture and contribute to social and economic development. Research participants from diverse cultural backgrounds recognised health and wellbeing benefits of arts and creative activity. Arts participation and engagement were reported to have intrinsic individual health and wellbeing effects such as mental health and mindfulness, emotional regulation, enjoyment, and relief of physical and emotional pain and stress alongside promoting spiritual connection to self, culture and community. The study indicates that the arts can also shape powerful determinants of health and wellbeing such as employment, poverty, racism, social inclusion, and natural and built environments. Barkly arts-health ecology featured extensive involvement from health and human service and arts organisations, which provided a strong foundation for inclusive, healing and holistic regional development. This study has outlined how arts and creative activity contribute to holistic regional development in the Barkly desert region, an area with a high percentage of First Nations peoples. Arts and creative activity were reported to have intrinsic health and wellbeing effects for individuals, which included mental health and mindfulness, emotional regulation, enjoyment, and relief of physical and emotional pain and stress as well as promoting spiritual connection to self, others and environment. Arts activities were also seen to shape powerful determinants of health and wellbeing such as employment, poverty, racism, social inclusion, and natural and built environments.

The politics of the targeting and expansion of pro-poor programs in Ghana

ABSTRACT The paper examines how the Livelihood Empowerment Against Poverty program in Ghana is politicised and its implications for poverty reduction. Data from 26 in-depth interviews and 12 focus group discussions were analysed. The paper observes that a broad cross-party consensus exists because the Livelihood Empowerment Against Poverty (LEAP) program has been politicised by the two main political parties, namely the National Democratic Congress and the New Patriotic Party, who target the policy to their politically supportive districts and communities. The key pathway for the politicisation and subsequent expansion of the program is partisan manipulation of the District Level Implementation Committees (DLICs), partisan selection of beneficiaries, and party membership card as a requirement for inclusion. These political considerations tend to result in wrong targeting, where undeserving beneficiaries are included, thereby undermining sustained poverty reduction and inclusive development potential of the LEAP program.

Youth inclusion in value chain development: a case of the aquaculture in Nigeria

Many countries in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) have made youth inclusion a top priority in their development agendas. This is aimed at overcoming social, technical, and institutional obstacles and providing fair and significant opportunities for the growth of young people. Inclusive agricultural value chain development (VCD) is being used to address youth unemployment in the region. The Nigerian government and its partners have invested in aquaculture VCD to create employment opportunities for young men and women, but the participation rate is low, at around 2%. Further, research and practices focusing on rural youth inclusion in VCD is scant, with biases towards urban youth inclusion. This study explored youth engagement in the aquaculture value chain and how the chain features and context shape inclusive mechanisms/patterns of youth inclusion in VCD processes. We used the integrated livelihood asset framework, access approach, and VCD approaches to present an analysis of conditions influencing the inclusion of young men and women in the aquaculture VCD in Nigeria. Accordingly, two youth inclusion strategies were identified: investment and risk management strategies. Young men and women from better-off households adopt investment strategy and dominate the production function. They use their resources, social networks and support from youth-focused aquaculture projects to invest in production functions. Those adopting a risk management strategy dominate the processing, distribution, and marketing functions. They dominantly use social networks, support from aquaculture projects, and Information Communication Technologies (ICTs) to mitigate risks. The high demand for fresh and processed fish, supportive policies, and youth-centered aquaculture projects encourages the engagement of young men and women to adopt either of the strategies. However, they face challenges such as high-cost and low-quality inputs, lack of tailored services, inadequate infrastructure, and sociocultural norms. This study contributes to youth inclusion literature, provides a comprehensive theoretical lens for understanding youth inclusion in VCD, and offers insights into the specific case of young men and women’s engagement in the aquaculture sector in Nigeria.

Economic challenges faced by migrant street vendors during a crisis: implications for social inclusion development

PurposeInformal migrant workers and street vendors have long been recognized as vulnerable groups in urban areas of Global South countries. However, limited studies exist on the economic challenges faced by migrant street vendors during crises. We aim to address this gap by shedding light on their livelihood and welfare losses during a public health crisis.Design/methodology/approachThis research uses descriptive and qualitative analyzes to triangulate the results. Data are derived from surveys and in-depth interviews with migrant street vendors in the two biggest cities in Vietnam during the COVID-19 pandemic.FindingsThe street vendors experienced significant business loss and consumption reduction during social distancing as well as encountered difficulties in recovering their businesses in the “new normal.” These adverse consequences were also found to disproportionately affect women vendors. Additionally, despite adopting various strategies and mitigation mechanisms to sustain their businesses and consumption, these efforts proved insufficient.Social implicationsThis research underscores the importance of short-term and long-term urban policies aimed at supporting and promoting the social inclusion of street vendors, particularly migrant and women vendors.Originality/valueThis research represents one of the early attempts to explore the adverse effects of a public health crisis on migrant street vendors and to examine whether the crisis disproportionately affected vendors from different genders and educational backgrounds. It also examines their business recovery in the “new normal.”

Cultural Hybridity and Identity Formation in Globalized Societies

Purpose: The general purpose of the study was to explore cultural hybridity and identity formation in globalized societies. Methodology: The study adopted a desktop research methodology. Desk research refers to secondary data or that which can be collected without fieldwork. Desk research is basically involved in collecting data from existing resources hence it is often considered a low cost technique as compared to field research, as the main cost is involved in executive’s time, telephone charges and directories. Thus, the study relied on already published studies, reports and statistics. This secondary data was easily accessed through the online journals and library. Findings: The findings reveal that there exists a contextual and methodological gap relating to cultural hybridity and identity formation in globalized societies. Preliminary empirical review revealed that cultural hybridity was pervasive, with individuals blending diverse cultural influences to construct hybrid identities. Identity formation was dynamic and influenced by globalization, migration, and historical legacies. Power dynamics, including race and socio-economic status, intersected with cultural hybridity to shape experiences of identity and belonging. The study emphasized the importance of promoting inclusivity and dialogue to navigate the complexities of cultural hybridity and foster greater understanding across diverse cultural landscapes. Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: The Post- Colonial theory, Intersectionality theory and Transnationalism theory may be used to anchor future studies on cultural hybridity and identity formation in globalized societies. The study provided valuable insights and recommendations that contributed to theory, practice, and policy. It enriched theoretical frameworks by adopting a multidimensional approach to understanding identity formation and underscored the importance of recognizing cultural diversity. Educators, community organizations, and policymakers utilized the study's findings to develop inclusive practices and policies that promoted intercultural understanding, social cohesion, and equitable access to resources. Additionally, media practitioners incorporated the study's insights to produce content that challenged stereotypes and fostered positive representations of cultural diversity. Overall, the study's recommendations have had a significant impact on efforts to promote inclusive development and intercultural dialogue in globalized societies.

SOCIAL POLICY REGARDING VETERANS, PEOPLE WITH DISABILITIES AND OTHER VULNERABLE POPULATION GROUPS

The study focuses on evaluating and analyzing social policies designed to enhance the quality of life for veterans, disabled individuals, and other vulnerable population groups. Emphasis is placed on the effectiveness and adaptability of existing programs and initiatives, along with identifying potential directions for further development of social support for the mentioned citizen categories. The research adopts a comprehensive approach, incorporating the analysis of legislative frameworks, examination of statistical data, and conducting empirical investigations. Comparative analysis methods, surveys, and interviews with representatives of vulnerable groups and experts in social policy are employed. The social policy directed towards veterans, people with disabilities, and other vulnerable population groups is an integral component of the structure of modern society. Providing support to these categories of citizens holds significant humanitarian importance, as it reflects universal values and contributes to addressing issues of social justice. Systematic efforts to create equal opportunities for vulnerable groups foster inclusive development, promoting the construction of a more just and balanced society. The work not only addresses existing challenges in the realm of social support for veterans, disabled individuals, and other vulnerable groups but also proposes specific recommendations for improving assistance programs. This includes exploring opportunities to enhance the accessibility of social services and stimulate the integration of these groups into society. The findings of the research underscore the necessity for actively implementing innovative approaches in social policy, taking into account the individual needs and capabilities of vulnerable groups. The proposed recommendations can serve as a foundation for future policy decisions and improvements in the social support system for relevant population categories. Special attention is given to the development of professional rehabilitation and training programs aimed at integrating individuals into the workforce. In the context of vulnerable population groups, there is a highlighted necessity to expand social protection for the elderly, single parents, and individuals with disabilities. The recommendations also aim to improve mechanisms of civic participation and partnerships between the government, civil society, and businesses to ensure the effectiveness and sustainability of social programs. Overall, the study emphasizes the importance of revisiting and improving social policy in response to contemporary challenges and the diverse needs of different population groups. The developed recommendations can serve as a basis for strategic planning and enhancing the overall social system.

Empowering Communities: A Socio-Economic Analysis of Self-Help Groups (SHGs)

Self-Help Groups (SHGs) serve as essential vehicles for community empowerment, particularly in regions facing socio-economic challenges. This study aims to provide a comprehensive socio-economic analysis of SHGs, shedding light on their pivotal role in community development. By amalgamating existing literature with empirical research, this investigation delves into how SHGs foster economic independence, social cohesion, and sustainable growth within communities. Through rigorous identification of research gaps and articulation of clear objectives, the study strives to deepen the understanding of SHGs' profound impact on marginalized communities. Findings underscore SHGs as catalysts for socio-economic transformation and pinpoint avenues for enhancing their effectiveness in fostering inclusive development. The insights gleaned from this study hold profound implications for policymakers, practitioners, and researchers, furnishing them with actionable strategies to bolster support for SHGs and magnify their impact on community empowerment. Advocating for a holistic approach to surmounting challenges confronting SHGs, such as limited access to financial services, governance issues, and gender disparities, this research underscores the power of innovation and collaboration in surmounting these hurdles. Ultimately, this study accentuates SHGs' potential to spearhead sustainable development and fortify the resilience of communities.

Digital financial inclusion, financial stability, and sustainable development: Evidence from a quantile‐on‐quantile regression and wavelet coherence

AbstractThe current research examines the influence of digital financial inclusion (DFI) and financial stability (FS) on sustainable development in Vietnam through a dataset spanning during 2004–2022. Non‐parametric methods, such as quantile regression, Granger tests in different quantiles, and wavelet analysis were employed to elucidate the effect of different quantiles of FS and DFI on various quantiles of sustainable development. Our primary contribution lies in integrating three research domains to examine the relationships among all three factors simultaneously, all within the framework of one of the biggest developing economies. Our findings exhibit the strongly positive influence of FS and DFI on sustainable development in Vietnam across various quantiles and frequencies. This suggests that FS and DFI support the transition of country toward sustainable development.

Impact of Technological Advancements on Human Existence

Purpose: The general objective of the study was to examine the impact of technological advancements on human existence. Methodology: The study adopted a desktop research methodology. Desk research refers to secondary data or that which can be collected without fieldwork. Desk research is basically involved in collecting data from existing resources hence it is often considered a low cost technique as compared to field research, as the main cost is involved in executive’s time, telephone charges and directories. Thus, the study relied on already published studies, reports and statistics. This secondary data was easily accessed through the online journals and library. Findings: The findings reveal that there exists a contextual and methodological gap relating to impact of technological advancements on human existence. Preliminary empirical review revealed that technology exerted a dual influence on society, both enhancing and detracting from human well-being. Empirical findings revealed that while innovations like smartphones and social media platforms offered unprecedented connectivity, they also posed risks to mental health and social relationships. Similarly, workplace automation and AI integration improved productivity but raised concerns about job displacement. Furthermore, the study emphasized the importance of considering socio-cultural, economic, and environmental factors in understanding technology's impact. Overall, the findings underscored the need for a balanced approach to technological innovation that prioritizes human well-being, equity, and sustainability, suggesting initiatives such as promoting digital literacy and fostering inclusive technological development. Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: The Technological Determinism, Social Construction of Technology (SCOT) and Actor-Network Theory (ANT) may be used to anchor future studies on technological advancements on human existence. The study provided recommendations that contributed to theory, practice, and policy. It suggested further exploration of interdisciplinary theoretical frameworks to understand technology's complex dynamics, advocated for proactive strategies in organizations to mitigate negative impacts, and called for regulatory frameworks balancing innovation with societal values. These recommendations aimed to foster digital literacy, ethical innovation, and equitable access to technology, guiding stakeholders in navigating the complexities of technology's influence on society. Keywords: Technological Advancements, Human Existence, Interdisciplinary, Digital Literacy, Ethical Innovation, Regulation, Equity, Innovation, Societal Values, Technology's Influence

Role of Social Capital in Community Development

Purpose: The general objective of the study was to explore the role of social capital in community development. Methodology: The study adopted a desktop research methodology. Desk research refers to secondary data or that which can be collected without fieldwork. Desk research is basically involved in collecting data from existing resources hence it is often considered a low cost technique as compared to field research, as the main cost is involved in executive’s time, telephone charges and directories. Thus, the study relied on already published studies, reports and statistics. This secondary data was easily accessed through the online journals and library. Findings: The findings reveal that there exists a contextual and methodological gap relating to the role of social capital in community development. Preliminary empirical review revealed that social networks, trust, and collective action played crucial roles in enhancing community well-being and resilience. Through empirical research conducted across various contexts, it was found that social capital served as a catalyst for community empowerment, fostering cooperation and mutual support among residents. The study highlighted the importance of context-specific factors in shaping the relationship between social capital and community development, emphasizing the need for targeted investments in social capital-building initiatives to promote inclusive and sustainable development. Overall, the findings underscored the vital role of social capital in driving positive change within communities, providing valuable insights for policymakers, practitioners, and community leaders. Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: The Social Capital theory, Community Development theory and Network theory may be used to anchor future studies on the role of social capital in community development. The study contributed to theoretical advancements by enhancing comprehension of how social relationships influence development outcomes, refining existing theories, and highlighting the interplay between social capital and socio-economic factors. Practically, it guided practitioners in fostering social networks, promoting civic engagement, and tailoring interventions to community needs. From a policy perspective, it influenced the design of development policies by leveraging social capital for inclusive and sustainable development, promoting social cohesion, and addressing structural barriers. Overall, recognizing social capital's importance underscored its potential as a catalyst for positive change within communities.

Echoes from the past: How America's major moments shaped mental health policies through a young adult lens.

This commentary examines key mental health policies across four transformative historical periods in America: the aftermath of World War II (1939-1946), the Civil Rights Movement (1954-1968), the Great Recession (2007-2009), and the COVID-19 pandemic (2020-2023). The post-WWII era established today's foundational mental health system, emphasizing military personnel, as reflected in the National Mental Health Act of 1946. During the Civil Rights Movement, the focus shifted toward community equality, leading to the Community Mental Health Act of 1963. The economic challenges of the Great Recession, especially affecting young adults, prompted a deep dive into the Affordable Care Act. The social isolation and economic suffering from the COVID-19 pandemic led to the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security (CARES) Act. The article highlights the need for a more inclusive policy development approach, one that recognizes and integrates the unique perspectives of young adults in shaping mental health policies and discourse. It concludes with recommendations to guide future policy evolution for enhanced mental health and societal well-being. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

Creating financial inclusion in “Belt and Road” countries in Europe, Asia and Africa: regulation, technology and financial literacy

Purpose This study aims to comparatively measure the impact factors of financial inclusion and their spillover effects for Belt and Road countries using panel data from 57 countries in 2011, 2014, 2017 and 2021 and relevant indicators from three dimensions: availability, usage and quality to construct a digital empowerment index of financial inclusion. Design/methodology/approach A spatial Durbin panel model is constructed to empirically test the impact mechanism of financial inclusion under digital empowerment. Findings Results reveal that improving a country’s quality of regulation, technology and residents’ financial literacy significantly contributes to the development of its financial inclusion, while improving its neighboring countries’ financial literacy also boosts its financial inclusion development. This study provides theoretical support for evaluating the development level of inclusive finance in “Belt and Road” countries, promoting the development of inclusive finance and alleviating the problem of financial exclusion. Originality/value This study is original as it creates a research paradigm for “Belt and Road” countries, enabling systematic testing and comparative analysis of inclusive finance development. It incorporates traditional and digital services, evaluating them based on sharing, fairness, convenience and specific group benefits. An inclusive financial index is constructed using the coefficient of variation and arithmetic weighted average methods. Additionally, it introduces a more rational analysis approach for the influence mechanism and spatial effect, using an economic geography nested matrix and spatial Durbin model to explore spatial effects in inclusive finance.

Towards a better understanding of capitalization of urban greening: Examining the interactive relationship between public and club green space accessibility

With the inequalities in accessing urban green space being intensified worldwide, the capitalization of urban green space (UGS) is increasingly becoming an important concern for achieving inclusive and sustainable urban development. Although the relationship between greening and capital investment has been widely investigated, little is known about the role of residential club green space in the capitalization of urban greening, particularly in cities with well-established markets for gated communities (GCs). To address this gap, this study put together multiple official data and open data to systematically examine the interrelation between club green space and urban parks in terms of accessibility and affordability. The results demonstrate that club green space profoundly influences residents' daily exposure to urban green space, particularly for walking modes. Additionally, residents’ general willingness to pay for accessing UGS may create a mutually reinforcing effect between club green space and urban parks. As the housing premiums reflect, club green space complements high-level parks (city and district parks) but substitutes small-scale parks (community and pocket parks). Park quality and neighborhood population density may amplify the substitution effect of club greens, while the level of neighborhood aging shows a contrary effect and is reflected mainly in walking accessibility. Foregrounding the often-overlooked residential club green space in UGS studies, this research offers a novel and useful perspective to enrich the understanding of capitalization of urban green spaces, especially in GCs-dominated urban contexts, thus informing green space planning and policy-making.

Green, resilient, and inclusive supplier selection using enhanced BWM-TOPSIS with scenario-varying Z-numbers and reversed PageRank

Firms need a reliable decision-making framework to select suppliers who are Green, Resilient, and embrace Inclusive Development (GRID). However, GRID supplier selection is challenged by events that are uncertain and often dependent. Such events affect supplier rankings in a fuzzy decision environment. This paper builds a GRID-based criteria system and applies an enhanced Best Worst Method (BWM) and Technique for Order Preferencing using the Similarity to the Ideal Solution (TOPSIS), with Scenario-Varying Z-numbers (SVZs) and reversed PageRank. The decision criteria are extracted from the literature and confirmed by expert judgement. The SVZs and SVZ Preference Relations (SVZPRs) are developed by combining the Concept of Stratification Theory (CST) with Z-numbers, to reflect the impact of Dependent Uncertain Events (DUEs). Reverse PageRank is then used to find the occurrence probability of the scenarios due to DUEs. BWM is applied in an SVZPR environment to obtain the weights of the decision criteria. TOPSIS, incorporating SVZs, is used to rank the suppliers. An example is used to highlight the enhanced BWM-TOPSIS, to find the priority ranking of the GRID weights. Comparative and sensitivity analyses are conducted to validate the proposed method.